Praktik Peremajaan Tanaman Kopi Robusta pada Usahatani Kopi Rakyat di Kabupaten Kepahiang Provinsi Bengkulu
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54387/semnasbun.v1i1.164Keywords:
kopi Robusta, peremajaan tanaman, penyambungan, tag ent, top ent, KepahiangAbstract
Kopi Robusta merupakan salah satu komoditas penting bagi perekonomian masyarakat Kabupaten Kepahiang, Provinsi Bengkulu. Penurunan produksi di tengah luas areal yang relatif tetap menunjukkan pentingnya tindakan perbaikan dan peremajaan tanaman untuk mempertahankan produktivitas usahatani kopi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan praktik peremajaan tanaman kopi Robusta pada usahatani kopi rakyat di Kabupaten Kepahiang, meliputi umur tanaman saat tindakan dilakukan, teknik yang digunakan, serta tujuan tindakan petani. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Kepahiang pada Januari–Desember 2025 dengan melibatkan 177 petani kopi Robusta yang dipilih secara proporsional dari seluruh kecamatan berdasarkan luas areal perkebunan kopi. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan distribusi frekuensi, persentase, dan tabulasi silang antara umur tanaman dan teknik yang digunakan. Sebanyak 143 petani (80,8%) tercatat pernah melakukan tindakan perbaikan atau peremajaan tanaman kopi. Sebagian besar petani (76,2%) melakukan tindakan perbaikan atau peremajaan pada tanaman berumur ≤10 tahun dengan umur 5 tahun sebagai umur yang paling banyak ditemukan. Teknik yang paling banyak digunakan adalah tag ent (34,9%), pemeliharaan tunas tanpa penyambungan (31,4%), dan top ent (28,7%). Teknik tag ent dan top ent juga ditemukan pada tanaman berumur kurang dari 5 tahun yang bertujuan untuk perbaikan klon, pembentukan tajuk, dan rehabilitasi tanaman yang rusak dengan mempertahankan sistem perakaran yang masih baik. Praktik perbaikan dan peremajaan tanaman kopi Robusta di Kabupaten Kepahiang menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan teknik tidak semata-mata ditentukan oleh umur tanaman, tetapi juga oleh kondisi dan tujuan pengelolaan tanaman.
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